It is used in applications for Apple devices such as the iPhone, the iPod Touch, the iPad, the Apple TV, and the Apple Watch.Ĭocoa continues the lineage of several software frameworks (mainly the App Kit and Foundation Kit) from the NeXTSTEP and OpenStep programming environments developed by NeXT in the 1980s and 1990s. Such applications usually have a familiar look and feel, since the Cocoa programming environment provides a lot of common UI elements (such as buttons, scroll bars, etc.), and automates many aspects of an application to comply with Apple's human interface guidelines.įor iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, and watchOS, a similar API exists, named Cocoa Touch, which includes gesture recognition, animation, and a different set of graphical control elements. It is also possible to write Objective-C Cocoa programs in a simple text editor and build it manually with GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) or Clang from the command line or from a makefile.įor end users, Cocoa applications are those written using the Cocoa programming environment. However, the Cocoa programming environment can be accessed using other tools. Ĭocoa applications are typically developed using the development tools provided by Apple, specifically Xcode (formerly Project Builder) and Interface Builder (now part of Xcode), using the programming languages Objective-C or Swift. Remember that Unbox can handle structured data (an array or dictionary) as well as binary data.With some open source components Ĭocoa is Apple's native object-oriented application programming interface (API) for its desktop operating system macOS.Ĭocoa consists of the Foundation Kit, Application Kit, and Core Data frameworks, as included by the Cocoa.h header file, and the libraries and frameworks included by those, such as the C standard library and the Objective-C runtime. This is an important difference and for Cocoa project I prefer the approach Unbox takes. We need to hand it an array or dictionary of data. Unfortunately, Mapper does not know how to handle binary data. The changes we need to make are limited to the processWeatherData(_:) method in which we process the response we receive from the Forecast API. The ViewController class does not need to know about Mapper for the library to do its work. Start by removing the import statement for the Unbox library at the top of ViewController.swift. Open WeatherDataPoint.swift to conform the WeatherDataPoint structure to the Mappable protocol. Remember that hourlyDataPoints is an array of WeatherDataPoint objects. Like Unbox, Mapper supports nested models. As far as I can tell, Mapper does not support keys that include periods. The Mapper library supports key paths, but, unlike Unbox, we do not need to specify whether the string we pass to from(_:) is a key or a key path. Note that the initializer is throwing and so is the from(_:) method of the Mapper structure. HourlyDataPoints = try map.from("hourly.data") WindSpeed = try map.from("currently.windSpeed")įahrenheit = try map.from("currently.temperature") Like Unbox, the initializer accepts an object that handles the unboxing or mapping of the JSON data. The most important change we need to make is replacing the initializer we implemented to conform to the Unboxable protocol. The WeatherData structure needs to conform to the Mappable protocol. Open WeatherData.swift and update the import statement at the top. Similar to Unbox, model objects need to conform to a protocol, Mappable, to be compatible with Mapper. Pod installation complete! There is 1 dependency from the Podfile and 1 total For this tutorial, I am working with Mapper 3.0.0. Run pod install from the command line to install the project's dependencies and open the workspace CocoaPods has created for you in Xcode. Project SetupĬlone or download the project from GitHub and open the project's Podfile in a text editor. In this tutorial, I refactor the weather application I created for Unbox, replacing Unbox with Mapper. Both libraries aim to solve the same problem, converting JSON data to strongly typed model objects. The feature set of Mapper is very similar to that of Unbox. I recently came across Mapper, a similar library that is developed and maintained by the people at Lyft. There is a lot to like about Unbox and it takes seconds to start using it in a project. A few weeks ago, I wrote about Unbox, a lightweight library to convert JSON data to model objects.
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